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GDSCRIPT – Basic Godot Engine

AnonyViet by AnonyViet
February 1, 2023
in Tips
0

Hello friends! Continuing with the series The Ultimate Guide to Godot Engine. In today’s article, I will share with you about Godot Engine’s GDScript. The article consists of 2 parts: Basic GDScript and Object Oriented in GDScript. Before going to part 1, let’s start with a brief overview of GDScript!

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A SUMMARY OF GDSCRIPT

GDScript is a high-level programming language. It uses the same syntax as Python (indent-based blocks and many similar keywords). It is optimized and tightly integrated with the Godot Engine, allowing great flexibility for creating and integrating game content. If you are familiar with Python, coding with GDScript is extremely easy!

GDSCRIPT - Basic Godot Engine

GDSCRIPT BASIC FEMALE

1. Structuring a script.gd

GDSCRIPT – Basic Godot Engine

extends Node # Khai báo kế thừa. Phải kế thừa đúng tên lớp (tên Node) mà bạn sử dụng.

var a = 0 # Biến toàn cục

var b = 0 # Biến toàn cục

func _ready(): # Hàm

.     var c = a + b # Biến cục bộ

2. GDSCRIPT BASIC FEMALE

Main functions on GDScript

extends Node

func _init(): #Thực thi một lần duy nhất khi khởi chạy chương trình.

.     pass

func _ready(): #Thực thi một lần duy nhất khi Node sẵn sàng hoạt động.

.     pass

func _process(delta): #Hàm luôn thực thi lặp lại trong mỗi thời gian delta bằng nhau (không phùhợp cho các hoạt động vật lí)

.     pass

func _physics_process(delta): #Hàm thực thi lặp lại trong mỗi thời gian delta tăng dần (thích hợpcho hoạt động vật lí)

.     pass

Command to print Debug on the Console window

func _ready():

.     var a = 4

.     print(a);

.     print("\nHello World")

Output:

4

Hello Word

Data types, variables, constants and declarations

The data types on GDScript are similar to those in Python with two types: primitive types (without capital letters) and class types (with uppercase letters).

extends Node

#var <tên biến> : [kiểu dữ liệu] (có thể "=" để gán giá trị trực tiếp mà không cần khai báo kiểu dữ kiệu (ép kiểu ngầm))

var a = 4

var a: int = 4

var a

a = 4

#các kiểu khai báo trên là tương tự như nhau. Ngoài ra ta còn có thể khai báo var a:=4.

const a = 4 #khai báo hằng. Lưu ý phải gán giá trị cho hằng.

var ab = Vecto2(0,0) # Biến kiểu lớp

var arr = [1, 2, 3] #khai báo mảng

var d = {2: 3, 4: "Hello"} #khai báo từ điển

Conditional structure IF…THEN…ELSE

func _ready():

#     if(<điều kiện>):

#          [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

#     else:

#          [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

.     var a = false

.     var b = 0

.     if(a):

.          b = 1

.     else:

.          b = 2

Structure Match

func _ready():

.     var a = 0

.     Match(a):

.          1:

.               [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

.          2:

.               [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

For . loop

func _ready():

.     for i in 5:

.          [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

.     for i in range(5):

.          [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

#i chạy từ 0 đến 5-1

While loop

func _ready():

.     while(<điều kiện>):

.          [tập lệnh phía sau dấu tab phải thẳng hàng]

AUDIENCE IN GDSCRIPT

Creating and using classes are two essential tasks in object-oriented programming. Here is the recipe for creating and using the class on GDScript.

Create class

Construct properties (variables) and methods (object constructors)

class Math: #tên lớp

.      var total #thuộc tính

.      static func _sum(a: int, b: int) -> int: #phương thức

.          return a+b

Using class (create object corresponding to class)

#var <tên biến file script> = preload("đường dẫn script")

var MathGD = preload("Math.gd")

func _ready():

#     var <tên biến> = <tên biến script>.<tên lớp>.new()

.     var a = MathGD.Math.new()

.     print(a.sum(1,2))

Output: 3

In addition, we can also use the class by using inheritance with extends. Note: If you create a class that inherits the default class in Godot it is in script using class must be assigned to Node has the same type as the class you previously instantiated and used.

Today’s article I introduced and shared with you basic GDScript on Godot Engine. If you have any questions, please leave a comment or suggestion! For more information, you can refer to the basic videos at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOk8LhtEwUVn8e3RUfk-rX_RB3f9_ulYg. Thank you for following this post! ?

The article achieved: 5/5 – (100 votes)

Tags: BasicEngineGDSCRIPTGodot
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